标签要素
H 危险声明 + P 防范说明大全（中英对照）
GHS/CLP 化学品标签上的每一句警示都对应一个统一编号。本文一次列出常用 H、P、EUH 声明的中英对照。
GHS 全球化学品统一分类和标签制度用两套编号覆盖标签上的所有规范措辞：H 声明（Hazard Statements，危险性说明）和 P 声明（Precautionary Statements，防范说明）。欧盟 CLP 又追加了 EUH 声明。中国 GB 30000 系列采用相同编号体系，中文措辞已由国标固定。
一、编号体系
| 范围 | 类别 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|
| H200-H299 | H 声明 | 物理危险 |
| H300-H399 | H 声明 | 健康危险 |
| H400-H499 | H 声明 | 环境危险 |
| P100-P199 | P 声明 | 一般 |
| P200-P299 | P 声明 | 预防 |
| P300-P399 | P 声明 | 响应 |
| P400-P499 | P 声明 | 储存 |
| P500-P599 | P 声明 | 处置 |
| EUH001+ | EUH 声明 | 欧盟 CLP 补充 |
二、常用 H 声明 · 物理危险（H200 系列）
| 编号 | 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|---|
| H200 | 不稳定爆炸物 | Unstable explosive |
| H201 | 爆炸物；整体爆炸危险 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
| H220 | 极易燃气体 | Extremely flammable gas |
| H222 | 极易燃气雾剂 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
| H224 | 极易燃液体和蒸气 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
| H225 | 高度易燃液体和蒸气 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
| H226 | 易燃液体和蒸气 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
| H228 | 易燃固体 | Flammable solid |
| H240 | 加热可能爆炸 | Heating may cause an explosion |
| H242 | 加热可能引起火灾 | Heating may cause a fire |
| H260 | 遇水放出可自燃的易燃气体 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
| H261 | 遇水放出易燃气体 | In contact with water releases flammable gases |
| H270 | 可能引起或加剧燃烧；氧化剂 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser |
| H272 | 可能加剧燃烧；氧化剂 | May intensify fire; oxidiser |
| H280 | 内含加压气体；遇热可能爆炸 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
| H290 | 可能对金属有腐蚀性 | May be corrosive to metals |
三、常用 H 声明 · 健康危险（H300 系列）
| 编号 | 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|---|
| H300 | 吞咽致命 | Fatal if swallowed |
| H301 | 吞咽会中毒 | Toxic if swallowed |
| H302 | 吞咽有害 | Harmful if swallowed |
| H304 | 吞咽及进入呼吸道可能致命 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
| H310 | 皮肤接触致命 | Fatal in contact with skin |
| H311 | 皮肤接触会中毒 | Toxic in contact with skin |
| H314 | 造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
| H315 | 造成皮肤刺激 | Causes skin irritation |
| H317 | 可能导致皮肤过敏反应 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
| H318 | 造成严重眼损伤 | Causes serious eye damage |
| H319 | 造成严重眼刺激 | Causes serious eye irritation |
| H330 | 吸入致命 | Fatal if inhaled |
| H331 | 吸入会中毒 | Toxic if inhaled |
| H332 | 吸入有害 | Harmful if inhaled |
| H334 | 吸入可能导致过敏或哮喘症状或呼吸困难 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
| H335 | 可能导致呼吸道刺激 | May cause respiratory irritation |
| H336 | 可能导致困倦或眩晕 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
| H340 | 可能导致遗传性缺陷 | May cause genetic defects |
| H341 | 怀疑导致遗传性缺陷 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
| H350 | 可能致癌 | May cause cancer |
| H351 | 怀疑致癌 | Suspected of causing cancer |
| H360 | 可能损害生育力或胎儿 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
| H361 | 怀疑损害生育力或胎儿 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
| H370 | 造成器官损害 | Causes damage to organs |
| H371 | 可能造成器官损害 | May cause damage to organs |
| H372 | 长期或反复接触会造成器官损害 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
| H373 | 长期或反复接触可能造成器官损害 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
四、常用 H 声明 · 环境危险（H400 系列）
| 编号 | 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|---|
| H400 | 对水生生物毒性极大 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
| H410 | 对水生生物毒性极大并具有长期持续影响 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects |
| H411 | 对水生生物有毒并具有长期持续影响 | Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects |
| H412 | 对水生生物有害并具有长期持续影响 | Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects |
| H413 | 可能对水生生物造成长期持续的有害影响 | May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
| H420 | 释放到上层大气会破坏臭氧层，危害公共健康和环境 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
五、常用 P 声明 · 预防（P200 系列）
| 编号 | 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|---|
| P201 | 使用前取得专项说明 | Obtain special instructions before use |
| P210 | 远离热源、热表面、火花、明火以及其他点火源。禁止吸烟。 | Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. |
| P220 | 远离衣物和其他可燃材料 | Keep away from clothing and other combustible materials |
| P233 | 保持容器密闭 | Keep container tightly closed |
| P240 | 容器和接收设备接地并搭接 | Ground and bond container and receiving equipment |
| P241 | 使用防爆的电气/通风/照明设备 | Use explosion-proof [electrical/ventilating/lighting] equipment |
| P260 | 不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸气/喷雾 | Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray |
| P262 | 不得与眼睛、皮肤或衣物接触 | Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing |
| P264 | 操作后彻底清洗 | Wash thoroughly after handling |
| P270 | 使用本产品时不要进食、饮水或吸烟 | Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product |
| P271 | 只能在室外或通风良好处使用 | Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area |
| P273 | 避免释放到环境中 | Avoid release to the environment |
| P280 | 戴防护手套/穿防护服/戴护眼罩/戴面罩 | Wear protective gloves/clothing/eye protection/face protection |
六、常用 P 声明 · 响应（P300 系列，含组合声明）
响应类 P 声明通常成组使用，用 "+" 号连接：
| 编号 | 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|---|
| P301+P310 | 如误吞咽：立即呼叫解毒中心/医生 | IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor |
| P301+P330+P331 | 如误吞咽：漱口。不得引吐。 | IF SWALLOWED: rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. |
| P302+P352 | 如皮肤接触：用大量肥皂和水清洗 | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water |
| P303+P361+P353 | 如皮肤（或头发）接触：立即脱掉所有污染的衣物。用水/淋浴清洗皮肤。 | IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. |
| P304+P340 | 如误吸入：将人转移到新鲜空气处，保持呼吸舒适体位 | IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing |
| P305+P351+P338 | 如眼睛接触：小心用水冲洗几分钟。如戴隐形眼镜并可方便取出，取出隐形眼镜。继续冲洗。 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
| P308+P313 | 如接触或有疑虑：寻求医疗建议/诊治 | IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention |
| P370+P378 | 火灾时：使用[适宜的灭火介质]灭火 | In case of fire: Use [suitable extinguishing media] to extinguish |
| P391 | 收集溢出物 | Collect spillage |
七、常用 P 声明 · 储存与处置
| 编号 | 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|---|
| P402 | 存放在干燥处 | Store in a dry place |
| P403+P233 | 存放于通风良好处。保持容器密闭。 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. |
| P403+P235 | 存放于通风良好处。保持低温。 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. |
| P405 | 存放处须加锁 | Store locked up |
| P410+P412 | 避免阳光直射。存放温度不超过 50°C。 | Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50°C. |
| P411 | 存放温度不超过 [X]°C | Store at temperatures not exceeding [X]°C |
| P501 | 按当地/地区/国家/国际法规处置内容物和容器 | Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations |
八、欧盟 EUH 补充声明
| 编号 | 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|---|
| EUH014 | 遇水剧烈反应 | Reacts violently with water |
| EUH029 | 遇水放出有毒气体 | Contact with water liberates toxic gas |
| EUH031 | 遇酸放出有毒气体 | Contact with acids liberates toxic gas |
| EUH059 | 对臭氧层有害 | Hazardous to the ozone layer |
| EUH066 | 反复接触可能引起皮肤干燥或皲裂 | Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking |
| EUH070 | 眼接触会中毒 | Toxic by eye contact |
| EUH071 | 对呼吸道有腐蚀性 | Corrosive to the respiratory tract |
| EUH201 | 含铅。不得用于可能被儿童啃咬或吮吸的物品表面。 | Contains lead. Should not be used on surfaces liable to be chewed or sucked by children. |
| EUH208 | 含 [致敏物质名称]。可能引起过敏反应。 | Contains [name of sensitising substance]. May produce an allergic reaction. |
| EUH210 | 索取安全数据表 | Safety data sheet available on request |
九、选择声明的基本原则
- H 声明是强制的：分类为某危险类别就必须标注其对应的 H 声明（GB 30000/CLP Annex I 中已指定）。
- P 声明是选用的：标签上通常不超过 6 条 P 声明，超过时须体现危害性质和严重性。
- P 声明中的方括号内容须替换为实际值（如温度、适宜灭火介质、致敏物名称）。
- 不适用的分支应删除（例如"如误吸入"分支只在有吸入风险时保留）。
- 建议按预防 → 响应 → 储存 → 处置顺序排列。
相关工具
- CLP H/P/EUH 声明查询——多语言可检索。
- GHS 化学品标签生成器——快速加入 H/P。
- SDS 16 节模板——第 2 节与第 16 节的 H/P 全文。
- GHS 象形符 SVG 素材包
参考：Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Annex III 和 IV（合并版）；UN GHS Rev.10 Annex 3；GB 30000.2~30000.29-2013 附录。中文措辞以最新国标为准。